The latter often is just for the former but with some PR. Not all but a significant amount. The first US and Soviet astronauts were flying ICBMs. Hubble is leftover spy satellite gear and two more leftover similar satellites were gifted to NASA in recent history. The Space Shuttle was intended to capture foreign satellites for the CIA. The Soviet Union had small space stations that carried cannons. And of course, we both nuked space just to make sure that worked.

Clearly we do a lot more commercial space at this point but the lineage is there.