cal doesn’t offer an option to use the 1582 reform date, but looks like it does handle the 1752 adoption in Great Britain correctly:
$ cal 9 1752
September 1752
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
But `ncal` does offer that option. Here's October 1582 in "Italy", which didn't exist back then:
$ ncal -sIT 10 1582
October 1582
Mo 1 18 25
Tu 2 19 26
We 3 20 27
Th 4 21 28
Fr 15 22 29
Sa 16 23 30
Su 17 24 31
France apparently took a couple months to get on board (or maybe just to find out): $ncal -sFR 12 1582
December 1582
Mo 3 20 27
Tu 4 21 28
We 5 22 29
Th 6 23 30
Fr 7 24 31
Sa 1 8 25
Su 2 9 26
`ncal -p` gives a list of the country codes it accepts. (These are current countries so it's a bit ahistorical for, say, Germany.)Sadly they don't implement the weird thing Sweden did in the early 18th century: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_calendar