Absolutely. You can do it on a seasonal basis if you have a large enough thermal mass but you can also do it on a daily basis if you have significant temperature variation throughout the day. Doesn't work so well in very hot or very cold climate but places with extreme daily temperature swing get a lot of benefit from thermal battery arrangements.

An example I find very interesting is this greenhouse built to use the ground as a thermal battery. It's possible, even in moderately cold climates, to drastically reduce (or maybe even eliminate) the use of active heating during winter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acByGuSMALc