"Modern" speaker design is all about software, it's super interesting.

In some ways speaker design is all about trying to cheat "Hoffman's Iron Law": bass, efficiency, and compact size.... you can only have 2 of the 3.

Part of it (as we know thanks to Asahi's work) is that you are varying a lot of speaker parameters dynamically. For example at low volumes you can dump extra energy into the bass frequencies. But at increasingly higher volumes you need to limit that. To get really dynamic you need to know not just the user's volume setting but like, real time spectral analysis of the actual program material

A speaker designer from 50 years ago would not be impressed with a modern pair of $500 or $1000 bookshelf speakers, those have barely changed. But they would be absolutely astonished at how some semblance of performance has been extracted from teeny tiny speakers on a Mac laptop or a high quality bluetooth speaker