I don't think real identities broke the internet... what really did it was the perfecting of the addiction formula, by multiple companies (from facebook to king). It turned it into an Opium den
I think companies would have had a much harder time in perfecting the addiction formula if things were anonymous.
We all still had defined identities back then, the nicks, even if we didn't use real names. And those are enough for targeting.
Tiktok is entirely anonymous (well other than you showing your face if you post). So is Reddit. So is Candy Crush...