Giving the maintainers the benefit of the doubt, I think the optimal solution solution would require a lot of thought and work. While I have no doubt that Elisp is an environment especially ripe for these kinds of exploits, it's by no means unique to Emacs. Just look at VSCode's solution to this problem: https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/workspace-trust .
I strongly prefer vscode's solution to the current state of affairs in Emacs.
I have no doubt that VSCode has a much less risk of executing code by opening something. Ironically however, it seems that VSCode's extension is the most effective channel to distribute malware in the history of code editors. [1] [2]
Not that MELPA couldn't be used to distribute malware either, I just think, as another poster mentioned, these problems are almost more social than technical.
[1] https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malicious-vsc... [2] https://arxiv.org/html/2411.07479v1
If anything, Emacs users are probably much more likely to inspect the code of whatever extension they are using, since with every help page there is a link to the source code. It helps that it's much less popular and so not as big of a target.
Emacs is just too old to be architected with security in mind. It's a great editor, but has baggage that IMHO can't be addressed on the spot.
Working on a codebase where you can't (heavily?) break things between any commit imposes such a slow pace that it's not completely unreasonable to start from the ground up and just study what made Emacs great and what didn't work too well.
It's surprising how long Emacs has been around and how good of an editor it is. It really makes rewrite attempts such a long stretch that it exhausts the motivation and time out of spirited folks that give it a go, but I think that given how complexity is being modularised and moved out (LSP, DAP, grammars) and newer languages make packaging easier that Emacs will eventually be replaced, definitely without covering everything it can do, but being strong at the average editing session.
Depending on what you consider Emacs to be, it is either unlikely to be replaced, has already been replaced, or the concept makes no sense.
Emacs is an interactive Lisp environment that just so happens to have everything you need for a programmable text editor. Text editors are a dime a dozen, and Emacs is far from the only programmable one (although I'm not aware of any with the degree of programmability that Emacs offers). You can find alternatives for pretty much all of Emacs' functions, but you'll have a hard time finding it all in one place.
People have been talking about replacing Emacs itself with another interactive Lisp platform for decades (generally based on Scheme or Common Lisp), but it hasn't happened. I doubt it will. As cool an idea as Lem or Climacs or whatever are, they haven't attracted the user and developer base needed to even begin to approach Emacs' level.
And by and large, Emacs users don't care. We're a small enough group these days that no one is likely to target us with serious malware. We blindly trust Elpa and Melpa and the people who commit code there, and so far it hasn't been a problem. Complacent? Certainly, but that's human nature.
That's my opinion as well. I run Emacs 24/7 but I do so inside Firejail, with no network access. It's not architected with security in mind and exploits are too easy.
The same can be said about the Linux userland. The Unix model of giving plenty of access to resources and any user file to user processes is outdated.
I find it frustrating something like Firejail or bwrap is not standard. I don't want a compromised program to have easy access to e.g. my SSH keys.
>I run Emacs 24/7 but I do so inside Firejail
Can you share your Firejail config?
>Emacs is just too old to be architected with security in mind.
Bad security is endemic to all GNU projects. gnutls and gnupg come readily to mind, for example. In fact there was an article/blog post making the rounds a few years ago about how the letters "GNU" are an excellent heuristic for broken security models and fatally-flawed crypto.
What about GnuTLS and GnuPG do you think makes them insecure? I think that they offer something unique and that must be factored in; i.e. if you compare them to competitors, you can't compare apples to oranges when making judgments for them. In mind I have projects like Open/Bear/Boring SSL to compare GnuTLS with, and sequoia for gpg. I really like sequoia, but it offers a different product to gnupg.
Emacs is a mosaic of 50 years of computer history, security is not its priority, but I guarantee you that in bug-gnu-emacs any security/network-related patches are most welcome.
Well, how about the fact that gnutls allowed passive cleartext recovery attacks to go unpatched for about 2 years?
How about the fact that GnuPG is predicated upon the web of trust which has been demonstrated not to work, encourages misuse in the form of long-lived identities which discourages key rotation, has no ratchets nor forward secrecy, has multiple internal key parsers, and a littany of vulnerabilities involving authentication and downgrade attacks?
GNU is just organizationally incapable of producing secure code. These tools are not good tools. GnuPG in particular offers absolutely nothing that another single-purpose tool doesn't do better, but for some reason people get emotional and mount all kinds of irrational defenses of it. GPG is not good. It is broken at a fundamental level.
>Well, how about the fact that gnutls allowed passive cleartext recovery attacks to go unpatched for about 2 years?
They patched it when they became aware of it in <https://gitlab.com/gnutls/gnutls/-/issues/1011>, it was not "allowed" to go unpatched.
>How about the fact that GnuPG is predicated upon the web of trust
No it is not, the web of trust is one mode of operation out of infinitely many that you can come up with, it's not forced upon the user. It was evangelized for a long time until the keyservers got DOSed. In retrospect obvious, but also gnupg is more-or-less an "activist" project -- big corps and govs are against encryption for the masses by and large. Had it had institutional backing from the beginning (which it never got) it'd have a much more robust model for users to work with.
>encourages misuse in the form of long-lived identities which discourages key rotation
You can automate key rotation with gpg. The long-lived identity argument can be seen as a strength too, short-lived isn't always better.
>a littany of vulnerabilities involving authentication and downgrade attacks?
I'm not aware of these; do you mean that GnuPG is not secure by default in its algorithm list? It chooses compatibility over security, but you're free to change the configuration. I think it's too harsh to say that GnuPG is inadequate because of that.
>GNU is just organizationally incapable of producing secure code.
I don't see why that'd be true, anyone can contribute to GNU so there is nothing inherent about GNU that makes its projects insecure.
>GPG is not good. It is broken at a fundamental level.
Works for me! I use it to sign my git commits and tarball releases, and with gpg-agent I get to authenticate to SSH servers.
>Works for me!
Hey, so long as you're cognizant of the fact that everyone credible thinks GPG is at best a security LARP, do what you feel is best.
What better options are there, if you're aware of these weaknesses i'm sure you're aware of better options.
More in keeping with the Unix philosophy of doing one thing and doing it well (GnuPG in particular does a mediocre job of many things), the best move is to replace it with a suite of single purpose tools.
For example, signing commits with minisign or signify.
>For example, signing commits with minisign or signify.
These tools don't work well with git or the git forges, and they do not work at all with fossil. (Obviously signify is a good choice if you're using OpenBSD.) Furthermore they lock you in entirely in their choice of algorithm, Ed25519, which may not be what you want (Why not Ed448?)
As far as adoption goes, and adoption is hard to get going, GnuPG is what is used in Linux the most...
"Github supports GnuPG signatures" does not contradict the statement "GnuPG is trash". I will not engage further, it's obvious you are not interested in honest discussion of the technical merits.
The issue is mostly with git itself, e.g. take a look at
git cat-file commit HEAD
tree <tree-hash>
parent <parent-hash>
author <author-name> <author-email> <timestamp>
committer <committer-name> <committer-email> <timestamp>
gpgsig -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
<ascii-armored RFC9580 signature>
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
<commit message>
You can add a patch to git to support more signature types than just OpenPGP. You may then be able to move mountains and get GitHub/others to join in the validation. Finally, if you can find bugs/exploits in GnuPG, you should report them and you will definitely get credit and recognition for them. They are not trivial to find.
I have heard it said that a problem with GPG is that it does encryption AND signing when you'd ideally have separate tools for those tasks, like, for example, age for encryption.