Hugo got a WASM based plugin system, but real scripting plugins that would be needed for SQLite are still a feature request: https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/5510
That would be an improvement, but it still wouldn't be equivalent to what you can do with Ruby and Jekyll. For example I do [1] so I don't need to put dates in my post names, which also fixes a bug [2] I encountered but was never fixed.